Monolithic flux transformer-coupled high-Tc dc SQUID magnetometers

YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ based monolithic flux transformer-coupled high-T/sub c/ DC SQUID magnetometers operating up to 73 K have been realized. The devices are characterized by high values of the modulation voltage, up to 32 /spl mu/V at 40 K. A minimal white noise level of 0.10 pT//spl radic/Hz was obtained above 200 Hz, and 0.64 pT//spl radic/Hz at 1 Hz and 55 K. The temperature dependence of the modulation voltage, the effective sensing area and the field sensitivity are discussed. Model-calculations have been performed to investigate high frequency resonances in the washer-input coil structure. Methods for damping are considered

Linking Farm and Market Models to Analyse the Effects of the EU Nitrate Directive for the Dutch Agricultural Sector

This paper presents a modeling system that can be used to analyze the trade off between economy and environment. It takes into account manure policy, farm structure and manure surpluses at farm level as well as the economic effects of manure surpluses at market level. The modeling system consists of two models that are linked to each other by at the one-hand manure prices and distribution of manure over different destinations and at the other hand changes in agricultural and total manure production. One model is the so-called Manure and Ammonia Model (MAM). This model calculates manure surpluses and deficits at the farm level and distribution of manure to own farm, own region, other regions, export abroad and processing at the regional level. Moreover, MAM also calculates ammonia emissions coming from different sources. The second model is a market model that includes the most important agricultural markets. The models are calibrated for 2002. The modeling system is tested to analyze the effects of sharpened manure policies until 2006.farm models, market models, manure, economy, policy, Agricultural and Food Policy,

Stratospheric isotopic water profiles from a single submillimeter limb scan by TELIS

Around 490 GHz relatively strong HDO and H<sub>2</sub><sup>18</sup>O emission lines can be found in the submillimeter thermal-emission spectrum of the Earth's atmosphere, along with lines of the principal isotopologue of water vapour. These can be used for remote sensing of the rare/principal isotope ratio in the stratosphere. A sensitivity study has been performed for retrieval simulations of water isotopologues from balloon-borne measurements by the limb sounder TELIS (TErahertz and submillimeter LImb Sounder). The study demonstrates the capability of TELIS to determine, from a single limb scan, the profiles for H<sub>2</sub><sup>18</sup>O and HDO between 20 km and 37 km with a retrieval error of ≈3 and a spatial resolution of 1.5 km, as determined by the width of the averaging kernel. In addition HDO can be retrieved in the range of 10–20 km, albeit with a strongly deteriorated retrieval error. Expected uncertainties in instrumental parameters have only limited impact on the retrieval results

Scattering Angles in Kerr Metrics

Scattering angles for probes in Kerr metrics are derived for scattering in the equatorial plane of the black hole. We use a method that naturally resums all orders in the spin of the Kerr black hole, thus facilitating comparisons with scattering-angle computations based on the Post-Minkowskian expansion from scattering amplitudes or worldline calculations. We extend these results to spinning black-hole probes up to and including second order in the probe spin and any order in the Post- Minkowskian expansion, for probe spins aligned with the Kerr spin. When truncating to third Post-Minkowskian order, our results agree with those obtained by amplitude and worldline methods

Embracing complexity in international forest governance: a way forward; Policy Brief

This Policy Brief summarizes the findings of a comprehensive assessment of scientific information about international forest governance carried out by an Expert Panel of over 30 of the world's leading scientists working in the areas of environmental governance and international forest law. It aims to provide policy and decision makers with essential knowledge and building blocks required for a more effective and inclusive governance of the world's forest